Projects

The transformation of the energy system towards renewable energies and decentralized structures leads to a higher load on the medium-voltage grids, which are becoming increasingly important for operation. Many of the power cables are outdated and monitoring their insulation condition is crucial to avoid failures. Partial discharge measurements are a proven method for the early detection of insulation faults. Despite its relevance, this technology is still little used due to a lack of cost-effective solutions. There is therefore a need for research into the development of economical sensors for effective online monitoring. The project "Partial discharge detection on power cables for online monitoring of their insulation condition", funded by the state of Saxony-Anhalt, is addressing this challenge. The aim of the research project is therefore to increase the technology readiness level (TRL) of the existing partial discharge sensor as far as possible and to fundamentally answer the necessary research questions. The aim is to create a greatly improved prototype that can meet the complex requirements of continuous online monitoring of electrical distribution grids.
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The "SmartMES plus" ("Intelligent Multi-Energy System plus") project builds on the results of the predecessor project "SmartMES", which investigated the potential of comprehensive sector coupling and the integration of multi-energy systems into existing market mechanisms. The "SmartMES plus" project aims to compensate for the discrepancy between load and generation in the electrical grid by integrating the heating grid. To this end, a multi-energy system is to be investigated that links the sectors together. In addition to the development of methods for recording the grid status, the communication infrastructure is to be examined more closely. The aim is to work out which equipment is required at which points in the grid. Research will also be carried out into which thermal storage systems are suitable for use in a multi-energy system and how they work in combination with the coupling technologies. Furthermore, data-driven evaluation models for energy flexibility options will be developed and analyzed. Finally, a concept for operational management will be presented that optimally couples the electrical and thermal sectors.
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Die nachhaltige Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien zur Stromerzeugung erfordert in zunehmendem Maße die Integration verschiedener Energieinfrastrukturen zur Speicherung und Nutzung von Energie. Angesichts variierender Investitionskosten, unterschiedlicher Lebensdauern von Technologien und volatiler Energiepreise spielt die finanzwirtschaftliche Bewertung eine zentrale Rolle. Insbesondere stellt sich die Frage, zu welchem Zeitpunkt und in welchem Umfang eine sektorübergreifende Kopplung erforderlich ist. Das Projekt SmartMES konzentriert sich auf die Verbindung des elektrischen und des thermischen Energiesystems. Im Teilprojekt des Lehrstuhls für Innovations- und Finanzmanagement liegt der Fokus auf der Anwendung finanzmathematischer Methoden mit dem Ziel, die mit solchen Energieinfrastrukturen verbundenen Flexibilitätspotenziale – sogenannte reale Optionen – datengetrieben bzw. simulationsbasiert zu bewerten.

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The PROGRESS project is testing curative measures to relieve the load in extra-high and high-voltage grids (EHV/HS). Curative measures correspond to a reactive adjustment of actuators in the grid for the targeted influencing of voltages and currents after the actual occurrence of a fault. The existing grid can thus be utilized to a higher and more efficient degree and the proportion of preventive congestion management measures can be reduced. The use of curative measures with a relieving effect by means of system automation requires a comprehensive analysis and expansion of the existing system architecture at grid control level, station control level and in the field. In addition, the linking of grid operation management with operational planning processes and coordination between transmission and distribution grid operators must be taken into account.

The need for research arises from the requirements for safe, efficient and cross-grid operator use of curative measures. This project therefore analyzes relevant software and hardware components of electrical energy transmission and distribution at HöS and HS level, develops corresponding functional models for the implementation of curative measures and transfers them into prototype applications against the background of cross-grid operator coordination. With the participation of a control system manufacturer, transmission and distribution grid operators and academic partners, the implementation of curative measures is being tested in real control system environments as part of field test projects.

In addition, analytical support is provided for this practical testing. In addition to the communication-related realization of signal chains, the consideration of stationary and dynamic grid security calculations, the addressing of new procedures for grid status detection and limit value determination in online operation, the focus is on coordination between TSOs/TSOs and TSOs/DSOs.
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This joint project between the faculties of the OVGU engineering campus (FEIT, FMB and FVST) with NTUU Kiev-KPI and NTU Kharkiv-KhPI (in cooperation with DonNTU) builds on many years of cooperation between OVGU and the Ukrainian universities in Kiev, Kharkiv and Donetsk. In 2023 and 2024, the cooperation between the German and Ukrainian partners was continued under difficult conditions and further developed in terms of content. This involved making the Ukrainian partners' German-language degree courses more compatible, as well as the further linguistic qualification of lecturers and German teachers; for the former, the focus was on general language development, for the latter on specialist language development. To this end, specially prepared German lectures were offered for German teachers, internships (due to the war) were converted into online formats, courses were offered to improve German language skills, specialist lectures were held online for students and students in Magdeburg were able to take part in specialist lectures. Some of the students on the relevant Master's degree courses in Magdeburg completed Master's theses, which were successfully defended. This also made it possible to maintain some of the established research collaborations with Kiev and Kharkiv.
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The aim of the GridBatt project is to work out the special requirements when using a battery storage system to ensure stable grid operation in order to adapt the storage system to the requirements as early as the design stage (selection of cell chemistry, technology, geometry, environmental conditions, etc.), to dimension and design the storage system accordingly and to optimize its operational management. Only a holistic view of the cell chemistry, the interface to the system (usually the inverter), the system requirements and the respective feedback loops makes it possible to exploit the full potential of storage technologies. A comparison of the special requirements, which typically require high performance with low energy throughput and high fluctuation, with the existing storage technologies that can currently be used economically shows that there is a deficit in technical solutions here.
The approaches of the aluminum-ion battery (AIB) with aluminum and graphite as electrode material, for which energy densities in the range of 50-60 Wh/kg have been demonstrated, are very promising. In addition, a cycle stability of 500,000 cycles was achieved at a charging rate of 100C.
After categorizing the requirements of a battery storage system in the electrical grid (IESY), these are transformed into loads for the battery by a transfer function consisting of grid, power electronic actuator and controller (IESY and EST). Based on these requirements, various storage technologies for dynamic operation are investigated and characterized. The aim is to develop a standardized test specification for storage systems for grid stabilization, e.g. for the provision of instantaneous reserve (EST). A further gap analysis should show that aluminum-ion cells can close the existing gap (IISB). Consequently, aluminum-ion chemistry will be examined in more detail and tested for its suitability to provide ancillary services (IISB and EST).
Once the suitability has been verified, the preparation parameters will be transferred to commercial cell systems and their production. The functional model of a pouch cell for use in storage systems for grid stabilization will be developed and tested in a functional demonstrator (IISB and EST).
In a final overall simulation, the behavior of a highly scaled aluminum-ion battery in the electrical grid is examined for a specific application scenario and, in particular, the feedback from the grid to the battery and vice versa is evaluated. From this, conclusions can be drawn about material properties of the battery that need to be improved or operating parameters of the inverter that need to be adapted.
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The increasing proportion of volatile renewable energies in the electricity supply, the shutdown of conventional power plants and a lack of power lines are leading to major challenges in the electricity grid. The grid is increasingly lacking flexibility, which is jeopardizing grid stability. The integrated energy system (IES, here: electricity, gas, heat) is often seen as a solution to increase flexibility. However, the coupling of the grids leads to interactions in grid operation. For example, a change in one grid affects other grids. If such systems are operated independently of each other, as is the case today, and the effects of a change in one grid are not known for the overall system, the probability increases that threats to grid stability are only shifted between the grids. It is therefore necessary to analyze the influence of systems on the load flows in the entire IES in detail. This requires a suitable methodology for determining the effects of individual systems on all energy flows in the IES.
However, methods that determine the influence of a power change on the load flows only exist for the electricity grid (here: distribution factors). These are based on load flow algorithms. This means that there is no methodology that determines the influence of systems on the IES and thus meets the requirements of future IES. For this reason, a methodology is being developed in this project that builds on the distribution factors approach and extends it for the entire IES.
In the course of this, existing integrated electricity, gas and heat flow algorithms must be extended so that the following four points are addressed in this project. Firstly, the algorithm will be expanded to include the transient behavior of the gas and heat network. Secondly, power-to-X technologies (e.g. heat pump, electrolyzer) will be integrated. Thirdly, the gas flow algorithm enables hydrogen injection so that variable calorific values in the gas network can be considered. Fourthly, based on the integrated load flow algorithm, the methodology is developed with which the distribution factors of the IES can be derived.
As a result, the project provides an algorithm that enables a comprehensive and flexible solution for analyzing future IES. Furthermore, the distribution factors approach will be further developed so that it can be used in the same applications but for an IES.
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Only a few universities and research institutions in Germany own a grid control center and even fewer have a simulative test environment for the evaluation of transient system stability.
The importance of such a system for research institutions is further enhanced by the transformation of the energy supply system in Germany and Europe. In this context, innovative solutions are needed to reliably assess and guarantee system stability even with a lower share of conventional generation plants. The system proposed here provides the basis for performing such analyses in a practical environment, thus directly developing methods and indications that will continue to enable and simplify the work for control center personnel in the future.
The elimination of conventional inertia and the resulting issues regarding the transient stability of the electrical grid are of great importance for the successful completion of the energy transition. Therefore, these topics are also gaining importance within the energy research program of the BMWK, which means that the project presented here strengthens the eligibility of OVGU within funding programs at the federal level.
Furthermore, transient stability is not only a local, but a European issue. Inter area oscillations in the European interconnected grid always affect several control areas or countries. Thus, the project creates an important prerequisite for future cooperation with other research institutions and grid operators in other control areas within the framework of EU projects.
The project will create a system environment to which further algorithms and methods can be added on a modular basis. This ensures that the environment can also be used regularly in future research projects. In addition, the system environment ensures a sustainable and future-oriented education of students, since the bachelor or master theses, which are written in cooperation with this environment, address topics relevant for the future system operation of the electrical grid.
Within the framework of various projects, the OVGU already cooperates with grid operators and manufacturers of control system software. The possibilities for cooperation will be expanded by the project described here to include further research topics. In particular, increased cooperation with transmission system operators can be sought through the implementation of this project.

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Die Fragestellung des Projektes beschäftigt sich mit der Investition in Stromerzeugungs- und -speichertechnologien. Dabei stellt sich diese Frage insbesondere für Einfamilienhausbesitzer und Mehrfamilienhausbesitzer sowie kleine und mittlere KMU, da dort eine Investition ein relativ großes finanzielles langfristiges Wagnis darstellt. Zudem besteht zunehmend die Schwierigkeit der Auswahl einer geeigneten Technologie, in die investiert werden soll.

Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung einer Methodik für die komplexe Investitionsentscheidungen unter Unsicherheit sowie unter dem Aspekt der Eigenverbrauchsdeckung bzw. Energievermarktung. Dabei soll eine Praxis-optimale Systemlösung gefunden werden. Diese Systemlösung muss basierend auf einem großen Technologiepool für Erzeugung, Speicherung und Konversion identifiziert werden und zugleich die kritischen Aspekte Wirtschaftlichkeit, Effizienz, Umweltverträglichkeit und Sicherheit erfüllen. Darüber hinaus soll diese Optimierung für Zeitschritte unterhalb der 1/4 h betrachtet werden.

Mit diesen Ergebnissen kann für Netzbetreiber die Entwicklung einer Methodik für die verbesserte Vorhersage von sich im Wandel befindenden Verbrauchsprofilen von Prosumer & KMUs vorangetrieben werden. Zudem können Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich verschiedener Aspekte der Bilanzkreisführung gegeben werden.

Dieses Projekt wird gefördert durch das Land Sachsen-Anhalt mit Mitteln des Europäischen Fonds für regionale Entwicklung (EFRE).

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The question of the project deals with the investment in electricity generation and storage technologies. This question arises in particular for owners of single-family homes and multi-family homes as well as small and medium-sized SMEs, as an investment represents a relatively large long-term financial risk. In addition, it is increasingly difficult to select a suitable technology in which to invest.
The aim of the project is to develop a methodology for complex investment decisions under uncertainty as well as under the aspect of self-consumption coverage or energy marketing. The aim is to find a system solution that is optimal in practice. This system solution must be identified based on a large technology pool for generation, storage and conversion and at the same time fulfill the critical aspects of cost-effectiveness, efficiency, environmental compatibility and safety. In addition, this optimization should be considered for time steps of less than ¼ h.
With these results, grid operators can advance the development of a methodology for the improved prediction of changing consumption profiles of prosumers & SMEs. In addition, recommendations for action can be made with regard to various aspects of balancing group management.
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A large number of the equipment installed at the low and medium voltage level will reach their predicted service life limit of 30 to 40 years between 2020 and 2030. This is reflected in particular in an increased frequency of partial discharges, which can currently only be measured in online operation using very expensive measuring devices, meaning that permanent monitoring of the equipment is currently not possible. The aim of this project is therefore to develop a measurement method for detecting partial discharges that is as inexpensive as possible. This should not be able to determine the level and location of partial discharges, but only provide an indication of whether or not a piece of equipment is subject to partial discharges and how often partial discharges occur. This allows a preselection to be made as to which equipment needs to be analyzed in more detail and which is close to its service life limit.
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The project consortium, consisting of Krebs'engineers GmbH (project coordinator), the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF and Otto von Guericke University, aims to develop and test current and future vehicle-for-grid (V4G) concepts and services for rural energy supply structures in order to support the electrical grid. The main challenge of the cross-system approach is to develop, test and implement the necessary regenerative charging infrastructure and the communication technology connection up to market maturity. This part is being worked on by Krebs'engineers GmbH and the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF. Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg is working on system simulation to determine the influencing variables in the electrical grid. The detailed grid simulation with the components, consumers and generators makes it possible to estimate the current potential for V4G and to forecast future scenarios. As part of the identification of influencing variables, algorithms for grid-optimized operating strategies and for controlling the charging infrastructure to be developed are designed and simulated. The solutions should pursue integrated, local and central solution approaches, taking into account the network services and local network structures to be implemented. To evaluate and validate the developed charging infrastructure, communication infrastructure and network services, the requirements are tested in laboratory and field tests. Using an existing emergency power system and a low-voltage grid simulated in terms of hardware, both normal operation and various scenarios, including extreme scenarios such as increased harmonics or unbalances, can be simulated in the electrical grid and the functionality verified.
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On some days in 2019, particularly in June, a critically high balancing power call-off was observed as a result of high balancing group deviations, which can be attributed to mismanagement. The background to this is the restructuring of the balancing energy price in 2016 and 2018, which led to it being capped. Low penalties for an unbalanced balancing group increased the economic attractiveness of arbitrage transactions against the system balance. In view of the further expansion of renewable energies in the 50 Hertz control area, the influence of forecast deviations is becoming increasingly relevant to the system. Against this backdrop, the system-optimal behavior of balancing group managers is essential for system stability.
It can be seen that the verifiability of management errors requires extensive data analysis and can vary greatly depending on the structure of the balancing group.
Against this background, the aim of this study is to create a basis for the definition of criteria and threshold values for different balancing group pools. These are used to filter out possible mismanagement.
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The RE-FLEX project aims to research the application potential and functionality of unitary reversible fuel cells based on PEM technology (PEM-URFC) as an energy storage technology for the energy transition. PEM-URFCs are energy converters that combine the function of a fuel cell and an electrolyzer in the same system. This makes it possible to store electrical energy in the form of hydrogen through electrolysis and to convert hydrogen back into electrical and thermal energy in fuel cell operation. As the same cell stack is used for both operating directions, the system can be constructed much more cost-effectively than individual fuel cell/electrolyser units. Within the project, a PEM-URFC laboratory model is to be developed and investigated. The basis for this is a membrane electrode unit, which works much more efficiently thanks to a new type of supported oxygen catalyst. By using a carrier material, a higher electrochemical activity can be achieved, while the costs for the catalyst material are reduced. The performance, long-term stability and effectiveness will then be investigated in a laboratory environment. Both a suitable cell design and a comprehensive metrological test environment will be developed for this purpose. The evaluation of the results should both demonstrate the functionality and provide optimized strategies for cycle-proof storage operation in a future electrical grid with high renewable feed-in.
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The energy transition means that the uncertainty in estimating grid states in system and operational management continues to increase and overlaps with the previous uncertainty in estimating both the total grid load and the nodal load. This circumstance is increasingly leading to the use of grid security measures and control energy, which are passed on to consumers through increased economic costs. In order to improve the determination of grid states, the ILEP project is further developing both generation and load forecasts and determining their correlation. Unlike existing research projects in the field of generation forecasting, ILEP is not concerned with improving physical or statistical weather models on the forecasting provider side. Instead, ILEP maximizes the benefits and reliability of several purchased forecasts on the user side (grid operators and marketers) by optimizing the linking of individual forecasts to create an improved combined forecast. On the other hand, today's grid situation no longer permits a control zone-specific cumulation of the load, but requires a much more regional forecast of consumption, right down to the point of delivery. To this end, the ILEP project is developing completely new algorithms and approaches for load forecasting at the point of delivery. Ultimately, the project aims to develop an integrated load and generation forecast that ensures the interlinking of influencing parameters from different areas and, above all, improves system forecasting for grid operators and reduces the use of control power and grid interventions. A preliminary study conducted by OVGU on behalf of 50Hertz used simple assumptions and methods to forecast that the economic benefits of the planned project would be in the mid three-digit million range.
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The increasing expansion of renewable energies and cross-border electricity trading are constantly increasing the complexity and dynamics of the electrical energy system. The associated voltage fluctuations can lead to voltage band violations, which must be avoided at all costs by the system management. It is precisely this challenge that the LENA Chair is addressing together with the transmission system operator TransnetBW GmbH in the project "Determination of requirements for dynamic reactive power compensation". Power factor correction systems are a suitable means of stabilizing the voltage. The project is initially developing a method to identify weak points in the grid in order to determine the need for additional compensation systems and distribute them optimally in the grid.
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The InKola project "Infrastrukturkopplung - Platzierung und Betrieb von Ladestationen aus Verkehrs- und Energienetzsicht" focuses on cross-infrastructure planning and operation for transport and energy systems.
Together with the Chair of Logistic Systems at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg and the city of Burg, the aim is to develop an application-oriented concept for the optimal placement, supply and operation of charging infrastructure from a grid and traffic perspective, integrating renewable generation, and to install charging infrastructure at selected locations in the city of Burg. The aim is to equip the charging infrastructure with a reservation system for the user in order to intelligently network and integrate the charging infrastructure into the transport sector, such as local public transport.
In the project, LENA analyzes the optimal connection of the charging infrastructure from the perspective of the electrical grid and the Chair of Logistic Systems from the perspective of the mobility activities of all stakeholders, with the aim of determining the best possible locations for future users of the charging infrastructure. The university concepts will be used by both the city of Burg and the associated partner Stadtwerke Burg Energienetze GmbH for the subsequent implementation of the charging infrastructure, thus laying the foundation for the long-term distribution of charging infrastructure in the city of Burg.
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The acquisition costs for large-scale electrochemical storage systems are falling steadily as a side effect of the "lesson learned" effects in the upswing of electromobility. At the same time, the search for second-life concepts for traction batteries is opening up the way to energy supply, where storage systems are subject to comparatively lower dynamics. As a result, large-scale electrochemical storage systems are becoming increasingly attractive for use in the electrical grid. In Germany, they are already qualified to supply primary control reserve. With the expiry of the EGG remuneration after 20 years, many operators of renewable systems are focusing on new connection, utilization and marketing concepts. One possibility is the use of electrochemical storage systems in combination with wind or PV parks. Storage systems are technically capable of covering a large part of the self-consumption of ground-mounted systems. However, this application alone is currently not economically viable, meaning that additional marketing strategies need to be investigated. Electrochemical storage systems are technically predestined to supply or draw energy from the grid within a few milliseconds to a few seconds. This means that they can react specifically to surpluses or shortages in the balancing group depending on the frequency. They therefore offer great potential for balance maintenance, but at the same time they could also be used manipulatively.
Irrespective of the development of the storage market, on some days, particularly in June 2019, a critically high balancing power call-off was observed as a result of high balancing group deviations, which can be demonstrably attributed to illegal arbitrage transactions. The background to this is the restructuring of the balancing energy price in 2016 and 2018, which led to it being capped. Low penalties for an unbalanced balancing group increase the economic attractiveness of carrying out arbitrage transactions against the system balance. Storage can further increase the potential. In view of the further expansion of renewable energies in the 50 Hertz control area, the influence of forecast deviations is becoming increasingly relevant to the system. Against this background, the system-optimal behavior of balancing group managers is essential for system stability.
Against this background, the aim of this study is to determine the economic added value of illegal arbitrage transactions compared to system-optimized arbitrage transactions. Based on this, it is necessary to analyze which requirements are necessary for the implementation of the system-manipulative mode of operation and how this can be demonstrated to the client. Furthermore, the aim is to propose a new approach for determining the balancing energy price.
The study is financed by 50Hertz Transmission GmbH.
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How can interest in electrical engineering be aroused while at the same time dispelling concerns and prejudices about grid expansion? This was the question posed by the staff of the Chair of Electrical Grids and Renewable Energy in the run-up to the annual CampusDays and the Long Night of Science, and they set up an elaborate open-air laboratory experiment for this purpose. The overhead line test, which was planned, constructed and implemented in-house, represents a high-voltage transmission line on a reduced scale (see illustration). The original 380 kV overhead line extends over 10 m and is fed by two transformers connected in series. In the test, the three-phase line is loaded with up to 2000 A and thus brought to the load limit, which is not exceeded in the real extra-high voltage grid.

In parallel to the transmission line, commercially available household appliances, such as an impact drill, were used for comparison and the electromagnetic field was measured. The results of the measurements were clear: due to the three-phase arrangement of the overhead line and the phase shift of 120°, the fields of the individual phases cancel each other out and cause a significantly lower field in total than the single-phase drill. The fear of additional electrosmog from overhead lines, which is regularly raised by opponents of grid expansion, could be refuted with the help of the field measurement.
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The Intelligent Multi-Energy System (SmartMES) project has set itself the goal of leveraging the possible technical and economic potential of extensive sector coupling. As part of the project, the first step is to model and analyze the respective infrastructures for the electricity, gas, heat and water networks for different example applications (e.g. industrial and urban networks) and to identify suitable coupling points between them. The next step is to create detailed models for usable coupling mechanisms. These models and the individually modeled infrastructures can then be used to develop an overall system model that can be used to leverage the flexibility potential that can be exchanged between the individual grids. In addition to this purely technical investigation, the project will also analyze the extent to which a multi-energy system can be integrated into the current market mechanisms and where there is a need for adaptation in the future. The resulting multi-energy market model and the previously developed technical system model will be used to derive optimal operating concepts for a multi-energy system.
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The expansion of the electrical energy grid is leading to complex, highly dynamic system operation in which it is necessary to react faster and more optimally than before to changes in status. Dynamic grid security calculation programs can be used to support grid operators in this new, highly complex system management by suggesting fast and, above all, optimal measures in response to changes in status. Based on the current system status, which is provided by the SCADA system in the grid control room, current grid conditions can be determined and potential hazards detected. Based on this, it is possible to calculate optimal measures tailored to the current system operating point, but especially to the fault event and the resulting stability problem, and to propose appropriate solutions to the grid operator.

As part of the research work, stability-enhancing operational measures in transportation networks that are suitable for use in a SiGUARD DSA system are being investigated. The research focuses on measures to increase or maintain voltage and generator stability
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In the current grid development plan, large point-to-point high-voltage direct current transmission is planned in all four scenarios. These are intended to compensate for the imbalance in generation and consumption between the north and south of Germany. New operational management concepts are required for the parallel operation of these HVDC lines to the three-phase interconnected system and the proximity of the HVDC converter stations to each other. The operation of the heavily meshed three-phase grid must continue to be guaranteed without restrictions. New operational management methods are being developed in this project in order to meet the challenges of the future.
The operational management of the three-phase grid is divided into several stages:

- resource utilization planning
- the correction of these planning results according to the actual grid status and
- the correction of faults to maintain grid stability.

As a result of this project, a concept for the integration of the developed HVDC operation management procedures into the operating processes of the grid operators is to be created and evaluated according to operational and economic aspects. The project partners include the Ilmenau University of Technology and ABB AG.
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The DynaGridCenter: Upgrading conventional transmission grid control centers to future-proof, dynamic control centers has therefore set itself the goal of developing a new type of dynamic grid control system demonstrator for the reliable operation of AC, DC (e.g. Ultranet) transmission grids and testing new algorithms. Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ruhr University Bochum and Siemens AG are working closely together with the Fraunhofer Institutes IFF and IOSB to achieve this goal. In 2016, the OvGU laid the foundations for the development of a hybrid network model including station control technology and a data gateway. The hybrid grid model will consist of a software-based grid model and two hardware-based HVDC lines. The dynamic grid model has already been completed and simulates the European transmission grid in a simplified form. The grid model is based on grid data from the e-Highway 2050 project. The grid model is currently being incorporated into a hardware-in-the-loop system in order to be able to link the simulated hardware HVDC line to the simulation in real time.
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Within the 'REGEES' project, OvGU has set itself the goal of developing a novel model concept for a virtual power plant that satisfies the overall requirements of various grid development and operational management aspects, including the 100% integration of renewable energies, the inclusion of the virtual power plant in the horizontal and vertical grid management process of the overall system operation and the creation of the necessary conditions for the participation of the virtual power plant in the energy market for the provision of plannable system services through dynamic schedule determination. By defining interfaces or a universally controlled interface in advance, the virtual power plant can be examined in the context of higher-level grid management (horizontal and vertical). A modeling concept will be developed based on a requirements analysis and research into the modeling of the virtual power plant and its components. The interfaces with the required input and output parameters are defined in cooperation with the other project partners. After the software implementation of the model, operational management strategies to be developed, based on optimization algorithms such as MILP or dynamic programming, are tested for the virtual power plant and for the coordinated overall operation in defined test scenarios (e.g. disturbed and undisturbed operation).
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The project will be carried out under the abbreviation EZM IntelligencePlus in the period from July 2016 to September 2017. The EZM IntelligencePlus product idea is based on the strategic goal of the state government of Saxony-Anhalt, which aims to establish itself as an energy model region through marketable, cost-efficient and supra-regionally usable solutions for the generation, integration, storage and efficient use of renewable energy and the development of future energy system markets. EZM IntelligencePlus is an intelligent network of electrical measuring and diagnostic devices for use in quality assurance in production, R&D investigations and monitoring of renewable energy systems such as fuel cells, batteries and electrolysers (power-to-gas) in industrial applications. The aim of the funding is to develop a product that is almost ready for the market and is to be marketed in the future.

The ego. start-up transfer is a funding program of the state of Saxony-Anhalt and is financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The aim of this funding program is to provide innovative business ideas with a start-up environment. In addition, personnel and material resources are provided for the further development of the product idea.
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The expansion of the electrical energy grid is leading to complex, highly dynamic system operation in which it is necessary to react faster and more efficiently than before to changes in status. This is primarily due to the constantly increasing proportion of decentralized renewable energy generation. The high volatility of feed-in and forecast deviations lead to rapid power balance changes, which historically were mainly triggered by load changes. Another challenge is the shutdown of conventional power plants, which contribute to system stability with their rotating mass. A reduction in the system time constants also leads to faster changes in the system status.

Dynamic grid security calculation programs can be used to support grid operators in this new, highly complex system management. Based on the current, stationary calculated system status, which is provided by the SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system in the grid control room, extended, dynamic grid states can be determined and potential hazards can be detected. Based on this, it is possible to propose appropriate solutions to the grid operator that are based on the extended system information and are tailored specifically to the event and the hazard situation.

A number of tools for dynamic network security calculations are currently available. The basis for these programs was developed at the Chair of Electrical Grids and Renewable Energy at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg. As part of the research project, the chair will build on the existing knowledge to analyze the requirements of grid operators for a dynamic grid security calculation with regard to the recording of necessary dynamic phenomena and their representation in indicators, estimate the added value for operational operation and grid planning and describe the necessary prerequisites, e.g. with regard to grid observability.
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A sufficiently accurate and reliable forecast of the feed-in from supply-dependent renewable energy sources, in particular wind and photovoltaics, is essential for the management of electrical energy supply grids with a high penetration of these generation plants. To this end, the grid operators use the services of several forecasting providers, who arrive at different results using different approaches, methods and information sources. For this reason, the individual forecasts are weighted and combined into a combined forecast. The weighting factors have a significant influence on the quality of the combined forecast. There is considerable potential for improvement here, as experience shows that the forecast quality of the providers differs for different feed-in scenarios due to the respective approaches.
A procedure that is able to optimally adjust the weighting factors based on the expected feed-in situation could leverage this potential for improvement and offer significantly improved forecast quality and reliability. The result for the grid operator is

- a significantly lower use of standard power,
- better and earlier estimation of bottlenecks that occur and
- a reliable assessment of existing potential for measures in accordance with Section 13 (2) EnWG.

The Chair of Electrical Grids and Renewable Energy at Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg is developing methods for feed-in forecasting and optimization. The aim of this preliminary study is to assess the potential for improvement and to directly implement an initial approach for the transmission system operator 50Hertz Transmission GmbH.
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Timely and successful conceptualization and implementation of a smart grid, which means intelligent networking of all players in the electrical supply network through innovative communication technologies, requires strong cooperation of global competencies and the promotion of young scientists. The IRSES ELECON project specifically promotes cooperation between young European and Brazilian scientists. The focus of the investigations is on an analysis of potential and implementation criteria for active load management and the identification of non-technical losses. Furthermore, an innovative communication infrastructure with adapted decentralized models will be addressed, as they represent an important prerequisite for the technical realization of the smart grid. The ELECON project has the following specific objectives:

o Consolidation of an international network of scientific institutions between the EU and Brazil,
o Use modern methods and innovative techniques to analyze electricity consumption and promote energy efficiency,
o Acquisition and exchange of scientific know-how between the EU and Brazil,
o Carrying out benchmark studies with real data,
o Establishing a strong basis for future, long-term cooperation.

The EU is in a good position to promote the transfer of consolidated expertise in the field of energy technology internationally and thus drive rapid, effective change in this area worldwide. Brazil is a very important partner with unique network structures and experience in the field of energy technology. The complementary know-how and high scientific level supported by the exchange program will lead to high quality results and create the basis for a lasting cooperation.
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LENA has been commissioned by the industrial customer EWE Netz GmbH to carry out a preliminary study on fuzziness-based grid status identification. In view of the increasing dynamics and fluctuation due to volatile feed-in in the energy supply grid, it is necessary to monitor the medium-voltage grid as fully as possible in order to make the best possible use of existing flexibility options. For historical reasons, however, the voltage levels below the 110 kV level are equipped with very few measuring devices. The mathematical problem of state identification is therefore usually in the form of an underdetermined system of equations.

This means that the number of state variables to be determined is higher than the number of independent measurement variables. In order to prevent an intensive expansion of measuring equipment, as it is often not economically justifiable or technically feasible, the existing measurement data must be used optimally.

The fuzziness-based network state identification method is used for this purpose. In this method, the state variables to be determined are reduced by modifying the network topology. The topology is changed in such a way that the basic behavior of the network does not change, but a clearly defined system of equations is created and the state variables can be calculated using conventional methods such as state estimation. The previously removed state variables are then iteratively added back until the original network model is reconstructed. Inaccuracies or fuzziness of the overall network state cannot be avoided without additional measurement information, but can be quantified with the help of min/max values.

EWE Netz GmbH provides data from a real network, including existing measured values. The data is then analyzed and checked for plausibility. Once the network topology transformation has been applied, a load flow analysis and iterative network reconstruction are carried out. Finally, the results are compared with additional comparative measurements
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Both the expansion of renewable energies and increasing transit flows through Germany lead to increased utilization of the existing transmission grid capacities, which increases the need for redispatch measures in the transmission grid. In addition, the steady expansion of renewable energies means that conventional generation plants are increasingly being squeezed out of the market and that the market-based dispatch potential required for redispatch will continue to fall in the medium term. The development and validation of new solution algorithms is necessary in order to be able to continue to carry out efficient redispatch in these situations. Against this background, the four German transmission system operators developed the "Redispatch optimization with implementation efficiency factor" method, which is based on the formulation of a linear optimization problem.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the algorithm proposed by the transmission system operators and to test its applicability. For this purpose, different scenarios were formulated, which differ significantly from each other both in the congestion situations that occur and in the existing redispatch potential. After applying the algorithm, the optimization results were evaluated on the basis of the resulting redispatch costs and the activated redispatch capacity. The analyses carried out have shown that the proposed algorithm can be used for the optimization of redispatch measures.
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Since the amendment of the EEG in 2012, grid operators have been permitted to carry out feed-in management in an efficiency-oriented manner and to ensure non-discrimination through appropriate remuneration. This has led to the control area of 50Hertz Transmission GmbH being divided into 13(2) grid areas in order to be able to carry out particularly efficient intervention for bottlenecks on particularly frequently affected lines. The grid areas also have other advantages:
- Simplification of communication with the downstream DSO
- Standardization of the interfaces
- Limitation of fault filling by the DSO
Based on the data from 2011, the previous network areas looked like the figure below.

As grid expansion and infrastructure reinforcement measures were carried out within the control area, the Chair of Electrical Grids and Renewable Energy recalculated the grid areas for 50Hertz Transmission GmbH as part of this study. The recalculated grid areas were then agreed with the affected grid operators during a roadshow in collaboration with 50Hertz Transmission so that they can come into force in 2016 and 2017.
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The main objectives of the sub-project at the Otto von Guericke University at the LENA Chair are the comprehensive analyses of the technical and organizational requirements for operating an adiabatic energy storage system and the possibilities for supporting the future transmission grid through the system services expected from the storage system, such as the provision of reserve power and the potential for voltage maintenance. For this purpose, various scenarios for the use of storage are simulatively examined over defined support years on the basis of recognized studies and the 2012 grid development plan. Using a model of the grid area under consideration, the temporal influence on the residual load and thus on the load on the grid components within the extra-high voltage grid is examined by means of static load flow analyses. The selective influence of the storage system on grid operation is quantified using different integration locations and different storage dimensions. For this purpose, the grid nodes involved and the relevant connecting lines in the transmission grid under investigation are analyzed with regard to their utilization and the respective node voltage behavior. The assumed curves of the influencing generation plants, such as wind power and photovoltaics, are stored in the grid model based on a climate model. Another aspect is the clarification of questions regarding accessibility and data transferability under the standards of unbundling and system security with regard to storage operation, with the background of being able to implement the necessary organizational processes and procedures.
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The SECVER project is concerned with the development of a new measurement and evaluation method for stabilizing grid operation. It looks at an area with a high level of local renewable generation and builds on the results and systems developed and elaborated in the Regenerative Model Region Harz (RegModHarz) project.

The first focus is on the development of a prototype for a highly accurate, time-synchronized monitoring system in the distribution grid. This serves as a starting point for the development of algorithms and systems for observability using digital measurement technology. The second focus of the project is the expansion of control technology measures and regulations for the safe and reliable management of distribution grids.
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This project has been running since 2011 and is funded by the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research). At the time, the city of Magdeburg won the competition with its application alongside four other participants and thus received a grant spread over 5 years for its projects. The federal measure is described as follows: With the competition, the BMBF wants to take up system-oriented aspects. The aim is to research entire energy and supply systems. Novel concepts for more efficient energy use in cities are to be developed, implemented as models and disseminated. The Chair is involved with other partners in Measure B2: Supporting grid quality through automated distribution stations and load management (load management for short). The measure is running according to plan, whereby the first phase: analysis of requirements and potentials has been completed and the second phase: development of concepts and models is currently being worked on. The third phase, which concerns implementation, has already been completed. With the help of the automation of distribution stations, a stabilization of the electrical distribution grids, a reduction in CO2 emissions and an increase in the feed-in from renewable electrical energy sources are to be realized through targeted monitoring and influencing of generation and load. The distribution grids, i.e. the nodes, were selected in close cooperation with the partner SWM . Simulations have already been carried out for this purpose. The considerations mostly related to medium voltage were broken down to the distribution grid and energy storage was also taken into account. Remote monitoring is also of interest. It was taken into account in the concept. The selection was therefore also based on this criterion.
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OvGU sub-project: "Demand analysis and model development for the design of the necessary framework conditions for the provision of storage capacity by small, decentralized energy storage systems in the grid for optimal grid operation"

The OvGU sub-project in the ESPEN project aims to develop the requirements for decentralized storage in the low-voltage grid. This includes the investigation of residual load conditions by simulating scenarios with different levels of penetration of renewable energy generators on defined, generic grid structures. These include urban, suburban and rural supply situations within different support years, based on scientifically recognized studies and forecasts. The study aims to define the future demand for ancillary services that will arise in particular in the lower distribution grid levels with a high degree of integration of decentralized generation. As a consequence, the simulative use of selected storage models within the study scenarios will be analyzed and evaluated. Furthermore, the framework conditions necessary for the grid integration of storage systems are analysed and the associated information flows between the various actors involved are examined, taking into account the applicable technical and organizational requirements for the use of interconnected storage systems in the distribution grid. In addition, a reference architecture for the operation of a distributed storage network will be designed, taking into account future grid operation. Based on the simulation studies, the future requirements will be developed as a basis for the design of the technical and organizational framework for the interconnected operation of decentralized storage units, as well as related adaptation recommendations.
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The current load shedding concept of the control area is being analyzed as part of the third-party funded project "Investigations into measures for critical conditions in the transmission grid of 50 Hertz Transmission" in collaboration with 50 Hertz Transmission. The connection of wind energy and PV systems, especially in the distribution grid, changes the direction of the vertical load in the substations in some situations, e.g. strong wind or low load, and the power is fed back from the distribution grid into the high and extra-high voltage grid. Against this background, it is being investigated whether the effect of automatic load shedding by frequency relays in the event of underfrequency will also have a positive effect on frequency stabilization in the future. For this purpose, corresponding power time series at the substations are evaluated and the current sharing key is analyzed. The results are to be verified on the basis of specific scenarios using a grid model.
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